Pharmaceutical care in self-medication: ABC/VED analysis of over-the-counter antiallergic medicinesOriginal articles # E-publication

Viktoriia Oleksiivna Shapovalova, Oleksandr Ananiyovych Nevzhoda, Alina Olexandrivna Osyntseva, Valentyn Valeriiovych Shapovalov, Valerii Volodymyrovych Shapovalov

Čes. slov. farm. 2026, 75(2):E9-E15 | DOI: 10.36290/csf.2026.024

Introduction: The growing prevalence of allergic diseases and the widespread use of over-the-counter (OTC) medicines necessitate rationalization of symptomatic treatment, balancing clinical relevance with limited healthcare resources. Aim: To evaluate OTC medicines used for symptomatic allergy treatment through ABC/VED analysis in order to identify priority medicines and support pharmaceutical and managerial decision-making. Materials and methods: The study included 25 OTC medicines registered in Ukraine for symptomatic allergy treatment during 2024–2025. Aggregate sales data from pharmacy networks and distributors were analysed. ABC analysis...

Justification of a medicinal form development based on the api dimethylammonium 3-methyl-2-(2-((e)-styryl)quinazolin-4-ylthio)butanoate with hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects for the needs of military medicineOriginal articles # E-publication

Antonina Avramenko, Andrii Kaplaushenko, Volodymyr Salionov

Čes. slov. farm. 2026, 75(2):E2-E8 | DOI: 10.36290/csf.2026.023

Objective: The study aims to substantiate the development of an oral dosage form for military medicine based on the API dimethylammonium 3-methyl-2-(2-((E)-styryl)quinazolin-4-ylthio)butanoate, which demonstrates antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity. The molecule’s physicochemical properties and dissociation constant were evaluated. Materials and Methods: Computer modelling was used to assess lipophilicity, physicochemical parameters, and ADME characteristics via the SwissADME service. Drug-likeness was evaluated according to Lipinski’s Rule of Five. Conductometric studies of API solutions (0.0625–0.5 M) were performed...

Európsky rozmer klinickej farmácieEditorial

PharmDr. Anna Oleárová, PhD., MPH, MBA, LL.M.

Čes. slov. farm. 2026, 75(2):75

Foot mycoses - treatment with over-the-counter preparations based on clinical recommendationsSelf medication

Ivana Kuklová

Čes. slov. farm. 2026, 75(2):122-126 | DOI: 10.36290/csf.2026.022

Tinea pedis (athlete's foot) is a superficial fungal skin infection caused by dermatophytes, most commonly the anthropophilic dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum. Clinically, it is characterized mainly by scaling, erythema, and fissure formation, and it may present in three primary forms: interdigital, plantar, and vesiculobullous. The infection is often accompanied by mild pruritus; when fissures develop, burning and pain may also occur. Maceration, fissures, and desquamation of the stratum corneum in the interdigital spaces may serve as entry points for β-haemolytic streptococci, thereby increasing the risk of erysipelas. Another complication...

Travel first aid kit 2026Self medication

Lucie Šnajdrová

Čes. slov. farm. 2026, 75(2):117-120 | DOI: 10.36290/csf.2026.021

Traveling may be associated with various health problems caused by changes in environment, diet or climate. A properly equipped travel first aid kit therefore represents an important tool for first aid for minor injuries and common health issues. This article summarizes the basic recommended equipment of a travel first aid kit and the factors that should be considered when preparing it.

TirzepatideMedicamenta nova

Jan Brož, Marika Koželuhová, Juraj Michalec, Ondřej Lukáč

Čes. slov. farm. 2026, 75(2):112-116 | DOI: 10.36290/csf.2026.020

Tirzepatide represents a significant breakthrough in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or obesity as the first dual agonist of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptors. Current analysis of available clinical data demonstrates the exceptional efficacy of tirzepatide in glycemic control, with a dose- and duration-dependent reduction in HbA1c of 20.4-28.2 mmol/mol. Weight reduction reaches 5-20.9 % with 72 weeks of therapy, with the effect being dose-dependent. The mechanism of action includes improved insulin sensitivity, delayed gastric emptying, and modulation of central regulatory...

Atrasentan: new molecule in the therapy of IgA nephropathy and other glomerulopathiesMedicamenta nova

Silvie Rajnochová Bloudíčková

Čes. slov. farm. 2026, 75(2):108-111 | DOI: 10.36290/csf.2026.019

Atrasentan, a selective endothelin receptor ET_A antagonist, is a new potential molecule in the treatment of proteinuric glomerulopathies, especially IgA nephropathy. Current studies confirm its benefit in reducing proteinuria. In combination with currently used renoprotective drugs, atrasentan may significantly contribute to reducing renal damage and thus slowing the progression of chronic kidney disease.

Pulmonary delivery of monoclonal antibodies: challenges, limitations, and modern formulation strategiesReview articles

Paula Čermáková, Juraj Piešťanský

Čes. slov. farm. 2026, 75(2):101-107 | DOI: 10.36290/csf.2026.018

Biopharmaceuticals, particularly monoclonal antibodies, represent a key therapeutic class in modern pharmacotherapy for the treatment of autoimmune, inflammatory, oncological, and rare diseases. Despite their high efficacy and specificity, their clinical use is largely limited to parenteral administration, which may negatively affect patient comfort and long-term treatment adherence. In recent years, the inhalation route of administration has emerged as a promising, non-invasive alternative, especially for respiratory diseases. This is due to the large absorptive surface area of the lungs, their rich vascularization, and the possibility of achieving...

Neuropsychiatric symptoms of chronic stress and pharmacist counselingOriginal Articles

Daniela Mináriková, Hana Kotolová, Milan Grofik, Jozef Dragašek, Ján Grossmann

Čes. slov. farm. 2026, 75(2):92-98 | DOI: 10.36290/csf.2026.017

Chronic stress negatively affects both mental and physical health. The most common manifestations are neuropsychiatric disorders, which can be characterized by their symptoms and assessed using the proposed "6N" concept. The growing prevalence of these disorders increases the need to address them in pharmacies as well. An effective and safe self-treatment for the neuropsychiatric symptoms of chronic stress involves treating magnesium deficiency with over-the-counter magnesium-containing medications as an etiopathogenetically oriented approach, given the vicious cycle of stress and magnesium, as well as symptomatic treatment of the main symptoms using...

Haemophilus influenzae serotype a as a cause of purulent meningitis in a six-month-old infantCurrent pharmacotherapy

Vladimír Mihál, Marie Rohanová, Andrea Lysáková, Pavla Kučová

Čes. slov. farm. 2026, 75(2):87-90

Haemophilus influenzae serotype b (Hib) has historically been the most significant pathogen causing invasive infections. In recent decades, an increase in the incidence of other Haemophilus influenzae serotypes has been observed, particularly serotypes e+ f, as well as, most notably, invasive infections caused by non-typeable strains. Invasive disease caused by Hia, similarly to Hib, affects primarily young children and represents a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. To better understand the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of Hia, epidemiological studies and active microbiological surveillance of invasive disease across...

Seasonal allergic rhinitis: an overview of treatmentCurrent pharmacotherapy

Jitka Poláková

Čes. slov. farm. 2026, 75(2):83-86 | DOI: 10.36290/csf.2026.015

Seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa that significantly affects patients' quality of life and represents a risk factor for the development of asthma. The pharmacy is often the patient's first point of contact with the healthcare system, placing the pharmacist in a key role in the early identification of the disease, recommending appropriate self-medication, and recognizing situations requiring medical evaluation. This article summarizes current recommendations for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis, focusing on a rational stepwise approach to self-medication in the pharmacy, and provides...

Bile acids in the treatment of hepatobiliary diseases: rational use of UDCACurrent pharmacotherapy

Petra Halvová

Čes. slov. farm. 2026, 75(2):79-82 | DOI: 10.36290/csf.2026.014

Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is a hydrophilic, non-toxic bile acid that represents the gold standard in the treatment of various cholestatic and hepatobiliary diseases. Its therapeutic benefit lies in its complex pleiotropic mechanism of action, including cytoprotection of hepatocytes and cholangiocytes, stimulation of hepatobiliary secretion, antiapoptotic effects, and immunomodulatory properties. This article comprehensively summarizes the pharmacological characteristics of UDCA and its rational clinical use in key indications such as primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), dissolution of cholesterol gallstones, reactive...

Syntéza a antimikrobiální vlastnosti derivátů 2-[(7-ethyl-3-methylxanthin-8-yl)sulfanyl]acetohydraziduOriginal articles # E-publication

Dmytro Ivanchenko, Mykola Romanenko, Olha Pakhomova, Oleksandra Cherchesova, Natalia Rudko, Natalia Voronova, Horban Valerii

Čes. slov. farm. 2026, 75(1):E20-E26 | DOI: 10.36290/csf.2026.011

Antimikrobiální rezistence (AMR) představuje zásadní globální zdravotní hrozbu, která podněcuje naléhavé hledání nových terapeutických látek. Hybridní molekuly založené na xanthinových a 1,2,4-triazolových skeletech představují slibný směr díky svým potenciálním multitargetovým antimikrobiálním účinkům. Tato studie měla za cíl syntetizovat nové deriváty 2-[(7-ethyl-3-methylxanthin-8-yl)sulfanyl]acetohydrazidu obsahující 1,2,4-triazolové zbytky, charakterizovat jejich struktury a vyhodnotit jejich antimikrobiální a protiplísňové vlastnosti. Byla syntetizována řada dosud nepopsaných sloučenin za použití N-substituovaných isothiokyanátů a následných...

Drug unavailability increases off-label prescribing in the pediatric population in SlovakiaOriginal articles # E-publication

Michala Hrončová, Simona Valášková, Andrea Gažová

Čes. slov. farm. 2026, 75(1):E12-E18 | DOI: 10.36290/csf.2026.010

Drug shortages may lead to interruption of ongoing treatment, delays in therapy initiation, or the need to modify therapeutic regimens. This represents a current and persistent problem that requires systematic and long-term solutions, as it may be a significant contributing factor to off-label prescribing. Between 2018 and 2020, the occurrence of drug shortages increased up to twentyfold, accompanied by a growing demand for essential medicines. The aim of this study was to analyse the occurrence of off-label prescribing in the paediatric population in a community pharmacy and to assess a possible association between the unavailability of a selected...

Skin hydration: How to increase the water content in the skin with dermocosmetics?Self medication#E-publication

Andrej Kováčik, Barbora Vraníková, Robert Čáp

Čes. slov. farm. 2026, 75(1):E8-E11 | DOI: 10.36290/csf.2026.002

The ability of skin to retain water and its hydration are essential for both the appearance and function of the skin barrier. Dry skin occurs when natural hydration mechanisms are impaired, accompanied by a loss of elasticity, scaling and an unpleasant feeling of tightness. The aim of this article is to explain the mechanisms of skin hydration and describe the properties of moisturizing cosmetic products. The article discusses the mechanisms of action and examples of cosmetic humectants, emollients, and occlusives that prevent transepidermal water loss. Moisturizing cosmetics containing these ingredients are therefore essential for restoring and maintaining...

Where did history of the pharmacy go?From the history of pharmacy and healthcare # E-publication

Sixtus Bolom-Kotari, Jindřich Kolda

Čes. slov. farm. 2026, 75(1):E2-E7 | DOI: 10.36290/csf.2026.001

The text is based on the authors' paper at this year's LXXth Symposium on the History of Pharmacy (24/05/2025, Kuks) and summarizes their arguments as to why contemporary Czech pharmaceutical historiography is in an attenuation (decline?) and what are the possible paths to its re-flourishing. The authors see the cause of this situation in an overly narrow conception of the field, focused exclusively on strictly pharmaceutical matters, further in a certain preference for pharmaceutical education as a prerequisite for research into the history of the field and, last but not least, a impression that the picture of the history of pharmacy is already more...

Již 155 let pomáháme rozvíjet farmaciiEditorial

prof. PharmDr. Martin Doležal, Ph.D.

Čes. slov. farm. 2026, 75(1):3

Fixní kombinace antihypertenziv, adherence a rizika záměny v klinické praxiCompany information

PharmDr. Josef Suchopár, Mgr. Štěpán Suchopár

Čes. slov. farm. 2026, 75(1):62-64

Střípky z XXVII. sympozia klinické farmacie René MachaNews from Czech Pharmaceutical Society

Kateřina Zyková, Markéta Dresslerová, Eliška Kolmanová

Čes. slov. farm. 2026, 75(1):55-60

Ocular manifestations of allergies - options for self-treatmentSelf medication

Martina Čudová, Jana Melicharová, Tereza Kauerová

Čes. slov. farm. 2026, 75(1):48-53 | DOI: 10.36290/csf.2026.009

Ocular allergies, the majority of which are seasonal allergic conjunctivitis, are one of the most common ocular conditions for which patients seek professional help. These allergies mainly affect the structures of the anterior segment of the eye, including the conjunctiva, cornea, eyelids, or lacrimal glands. Patients may experience a range of symptoms, from mild to severe, and in some cases, chronic forms of the condition can lead to gradual vision impairment. Currently, several over-the-counter medications containing antihistamines, mast cell stabilizers, and decongestants are available for the treatment of ocular allergies, when used in combination...

Sinusitis self-treatmentSelf medication

Tomáš Hammer

Čes. slov. farm. 2026, 75(1):42-47 | DOI: 10.36290/csf.2026.008

Inflammation of the paranasal sinuses is a common respiratory tract disease and a frequent reason for visiting the pharmacy. In most cases, acute sinusitis is of viral origin, treatment is aimed at alleviating symptoms and does not require physician intervention. The article briefly summarizes the groups of over-the-counter products suitable for self-treatment of acute sinusitis, their use and limitations, complementary non-pharmacological measures, and situations where self-treatment is no longer sufficient.

Pelargonium sidoides DC. vs. Pelargonium reniforme (Andrews) Curtis -active constituents and medicinal effectsMedicinal plants and nutraceutics

Zdeňka Navrátilová

Čes. slov. farm. 2026, 75(1):35-41 | DOI: 10.36290/csf.2026.007

Pelargonium sidoides and Pelargonium reniforme are two closely related species of geraniums growing in Southern Africa. The species belong to the section Reniformia and are morphologically quite similar and often confused. Both species are used for medicinal purposes, but differ in the representation of the compounds and pharmacological effects. The article summarizes information about their composition and medicinal effects and compare it.

Effective communication in the pharmacySocial pharmacy

Pavel Novák

Čes. slov. farm. 2026, 75(1):30-33 | DOI: 10.36290/csf.2026.006

The text summarizes the principles of effective communication in pharmacy practice and emphasizes its key role in ensuring the safe and high-quality provision of pharmaceutical services. The introduction provides a detailed description of verbal, paraverbal, and nonverbal communication elements, including their interaction in everyday patient interactions. The text further describes internal and external communication barriers that may disrupt or hinder information exchange. Significant attention is given to empathy and active listening, which enable pharmacists to better understand the needs, concerns, and expectations of patients. Active listening...

Artificial intelligence in pharmacy services - practical applicationsSocial pharmacy

Milan Rydrych

Čes. slov. farm. 2026, 75(1):24-29 | DOI: 10.36290/csf.2026.005

Introduction: Paper presents the principles of modern artificial intelligence (AI), its current capabilities, limitations, and practical applications in pharmacy. The text outlines the development of AI, explains key terms, and introduces the most important models and their capabilities. Objective: The objective of the article is to show how AI can support pharmaceutical practice, where its limits lie, and what legislative and safety requirements must be respected when using it. Results: Modern AI models enable text generation, data processing, image analysis, and decision support. In pharmacy, they can speed up data analysis (e.g., LEK-13 reports),...

Pharmacokinetic changes and approach to drug dosing in patients with obesity and after bariatric surgeryReview articles

Alena Pilková

Čes. slov. farm. 2026, 75(1):16-23 | DOI: 10.36290/csf.2026.004

Introduction: Obesity is a chronic disease associated with multiple comorbidities and can affect drug pharmacokinetics. Appropriate dosing in obese patients is essential to ensure therapeutic efficacy and safety. Objective: To summarize the impact of obesity and bariatric surgery on drug pharmacokinetics and provide recommendations for individualized dosing. Methods: Review of available literature and clinical guidelines addressing changes in drug absorption, distribution, metabo­lism, and excretion in obese patients and after bariatric procedures. Results: Obesity is associated with nonlinear changes in volume of distribution and heterogenous changes...

Idiopathic interstitial lung diseases - treatment optionsCurrent pharmacotherapy

Martina Šterclová

Čes. slov. farm. 2026, 75(1):8-13 | DOI: 10.36290/csf.2026.003

Idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs) represent a heterogeneous group of rare lung diseases characterized by distinct radiological and histological phenotypes. The new 2025 classification provides a more detailed definition of individual entities, including the incorporation of idiopathic eosinophilic pneumonias and rare forms, without yet altering current therapeutic approaches. The most common form is idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), where antifibrotic therapy with pirfenidone and nintedanib has been shown to improve prognosis. Recent clinical trials (FIBRONEER, TETON) suggest further therapeutic options. The treatment of other IIPs, particularly...

The feminization of Czech pharmacy in the 20th centuryFrom the history of pharmacy and healthcare # E-publication

Ladislav Svatoš, Ladislava Valášková, Martina Borovičková

Čes. slov. farm. 2025, 74(4):E15-E20 | DOI: 10.36290/csf.2025.046

Contemporary pharmacy in the Czech Republic is substantially feminized profession. This article describes the process of feminization since permission for women to study pharmacy in 1900 till 2000, based on data analysis, in three aspects – number of graduates from Czech universities, number of women working in pharmacies and number of women among pharmacy owners / managers. Women predominate among graduates since after the World War II, as pharmacy workers since 1950s and pharmacy managers since 1980s. At the end of the analyzed period of time, women constituted as many as 80 % of graduates and pharmacy workers and 70% of pharmacy managers...

Organizational challenges and benefits of electronic prescriptions in physicians’ daily practice: Survey findings from UkraineOriginal articles # E-publication

Uliana Khomut, Iryna Fediak

Čes. slov. farm. 2025, 74(4):E8-E14 | DOI: 10.36290/csf.2025.037

Background: Electronic prescriptions (e-prescriptions) are a key element of the digital transformation of Ukraine’s healthcare system. However, their implementation and usage levels vary significantly depending on the physician’s specialty, years of experience, and the type of locality. This study is relevant due to the need for empirical analysis of these differences to improve the e-prescription system and enhance its overall efficiency. Objective: To assess the impact of e-prescriptions on the workflow of physicians from various specialties and to identify patterns associated with location, professional experience,...

Efficacy of quercetin and the role of endothelial protection in the treatment of patients with arterial hypertensionOriginal articles # E-publication

Valentyna Volodymyrivna Chopyak, Igor Grygorovich Hayduchok, Yuriy Volodymyrovych Fedorov, Alona Vasylivna Kovpak, Bogdana Fedorivna Baida, Oksana Volodymyrivna Levytska, Volodymyr Antonovych Doroshko

Čes. slov. farm. 2025, 74(4):E2-E7 | DOI: 10.36290/csf.2025.036

Introduction: The article presents the findings of a clinical trial investigating the impact of quercetin, as an adjunct to antihypertensive therapy, on endothelial function and daily blood pressure profiles. The aim of the study. To conduct a comparative analysis of the impact of quercetin on 24-hour blood pressure monitoring parameters and cytokine profiles in patients with hypertension. Materials and methods: A total of 120 patients with stage II hypertension (66 female and 54 male) were enrolled in the study. Patients were divided into 2 groups: Group I (study) – 58 patients who took quercetin (Corvitin®) in...

I „kosmetická“ změna v terapii arteriální hypertenze může přinést velký (a ne vždy chtěný) klinický účinekCompany information

MUDr. Pavel Rutar

Čes. slov. farm. 2025, 74(4):276-278