Európsky rozmer klinickej farmácie

PharmDr. Anna Oleárová, PhD., MPH, MBA, LL.M.

Čes. slov. farm. 2026, 75(2):75

Bile acids in the treatment of hepatobiliary diseases: rational use of UDCA

Petra Halvová

Čes. slov. farm. 2026, 75(2):79-82 | DOI: 10.36290/csf.2026.014

Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is a hydrophilic, non-toxic bile acid that represents the gold standard in the treatment of various cholestatic and hepatobiliary diseases. Its therapeutic benefit lies in its complex pleiotropic mechanism of action, including cytoprotection of hepatocytes and cholangiocytes, stimulation of hepatobiliary secretion, antiapoptotic effects, and immunomodulatory properties. This article comprehensively summarizes the pharmacological characteristics of UDCA and its rational clinical use in key indications such as primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), dissolution of cholesterol gallstones, reactive...

Seasonal allergic rhinitis: an overview of treatment

Jitka Poláková

Čes. slov. farm. 2026, 75(2):83-86 | DOI: 10.36290/csf.2026.015

Seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa that significantly affects patients' quality of life and represents a risk factor for the development of asthma. The pharmacy is often the patient's first point of contact with the healthcare system, placing the pharmacist in a key role in the early identification of the disease, recommending appropriate self-medication, and recognizing situations requiring medical evaluation. This article summarizes current recommendations for the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis, focusing on a rational stepwise approach to self-medication in the pharmacy, and provides...

Haemophilus influenzae serotype a as a cause of purulent meningitis in a six-month-old infant

Vladimír Mihál, Marie Rohanová, Andrea Lysáková, Pavla Kučová

Čes. slov. farm. 2026, 75(2):87-90

Haemophilus influenzae serotype b (Hib) has historically been the most significant pathogen causing invasive infections. In recent decades, an increase in the incidence of other Haemophilus influenzae serotypes has been observed, particularly serotypes e+ f, as well as, most notably, invasive infections caused by non-typeable strains. Invasive disease caused by Hia, similarly to Hib, affects primarily young children and represents a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. To better understand the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of Hia, epidemiological studies and active microbiological surveillance of invasive disease across...

Neuropsychiatric symptoms of chronic stress and pharmacist counseling

Daniela Mináriková, Hana Kotolová, Milan Grofik, Jozef Dragašek, Ján Grossmann

Čes. slov. farm. 2026, 75(2):92-98 | DOI: 10.36290/csf.2026.017

Chronic stress negatively affects both mental and physical health. The most common manifestations are neuropsychiatric disorders, which can be characterized by their symptoms and assessed using the proposed "6N" concept. The growing prevalence of these disorders increases the need to address them in pharmacies as well. An effective and safe self-treatment for the neuropsychiatric symptoms of chronic stress involves treating magnesium deficiency with over-the-counter magnesium-containing medications as an etiopathogenetically oriented approach, given the vicious cycle of stress and magnesium, as well as symptomatic treatment of the main symptoms using...

Justification of a medicinal form development based on the api dimethylammonium 3-methyl-2-(2-((e)-styryl)quinazolin-4-ylthio)butanoate with hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects for the needs of military medicine

Antonina Avramenko, Andrii Kaplaushenko, Volodymyr Salionov

Čes. slov. farm. 2026, 75(2):E2-E8 | DOI: 10.36290/csf.2026.023

Objective: The study aims to substantiate the development of an oral dosage form for military medicine based on the API dimethylammonium 3-methyl-2-(2-((E)-styryl)quinazolin-4-ylthio)butanoate, which demonstrates antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity. The molecule’s physicochemical properties and dissociation constant were evaluated. Materials and Methods: Computer modelling was used to assess lipophilicity, physicochemical parameters, and ADME characteristics via the SwissADME service. Drug-likeness was evaluated according to Lipinski’s Rule of Five. Conductometric studies of API solutions (0.0625–0.5 M) were performed...

Pharmaceutical care in self-medication: ABC/VED analysis of over-the-counter antiallergic medicines

Viktoriia Oleksiivna Shapovalova, Oleksandr Ananiyovych Nevzhoda, Alina Olexandrivna Osyntseva, Valentyn Valeriiovych Shapovalov, Valerii Volodymyrovych Shapovalov

Čes. slov. farm. 2026, 75(2):E9-E15 | DOI: 10.36290/csf.2026.024

Introduction: The growing prevalence of allergic diseases and the widespread use of over-the-counter (OTC) medicines necessitate rationalization of symptomatic treatment, balancing clinical relevance with limited healthcare resources. Aim: To evaluate OTC medicines used for symptomatic allergy treatment through ABC/VED analysis in order to identify priority medicines and support pharmaceutical and managerial decision-making. Materials and methods: The study included 25 OTC medicines registered in Ukraine for symptomatic allergy treatment during 2024–2025. Aggregate sales data from pharmacy networks and distributors were analysed. ABC analysis...

Pulmonary delivery of monoclonal antibodies: challenges, limitations, and modern formulation strategies

Paula Čermáková, Juraj Piešťanský

Čes. slov. farm. 2026, 75(2):101-107 | DOI: 10.36290/csf.2026.018

Biopharmaceuticals, particularly monoclonal antibodies, represent a key therapeutic class in modern pharmacotherapy for the treatment of autoimmune, inflammatory, oncological, and rare diseases. Despite their high efficacy and specificity, their clinical use is largely limited to parenteral administration, which may negatively affect patient comfort and long-term treatment adherence. In recent years, the inhalation route of administration has emerged as a promising, non-invasive alternative, especially for respiratory diseases. This is due to the large absorptive surface area of the lungs, their rich vascularization, and the possibility of achieving...

Atrasentan: new molecule in the therapy of IgA nephropathy and other glomerulopathies

Silvie Rajnochová Bloudíčková

Čes. slov. farm. 2026, 75(2):108-111 | DOI: 10.36290/csf.2026.019

Atrasentan, a selective endothelin receptor ET_A antagonist, is a new potential molecule in the treatment of proteinuric glomerulopathies, especially IgA nephropathy. Current studies confirm its benefit in reducing proteinuria. In combination with currently used renoprotective drugs, atrasentan may significantly contribute to reducing renal damage and thus slowing the progression of chronic kidney disease.

Tirzepatide

Jan Brož, Marika Koželuhová, Juraj Michalec, Ondřej Lukáč

Čes. slov. farm. 2026, 75(2):112-116 | DOI: 10.36290/csf.2026.020

Tirzepatide represents a significant breakthrough in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or obesity as the first dual agonist of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptors. Current analysis of available clinical data demonstrates the exceptional efficacy of tirzepatide in glycemic control, with a dose- and duration-dependent reduction in HbA1c of 20.4-28.2 mmol/mol. Weight reduction reaches 5-20.9 % with 72 weeks of therapy, with the effect being dose-dependent. The mechanism of action includes improved insulin sensitivity, delayed gastric emptying, and modulation of central regulatory...

Travel first aid kit 2026

Lucie Šnajdrová

Čes. slov. farm. 2026, 75(2):117-120 | DOI: 10.36290/csf.2026.021

Traveling may be associated with various health problems caused by changes in environment, diet or climate. A properly equipped travel first aid kit therefore represents an important tool for first aid for minor injuries and common health issues. This article summarizes the basic recommended equipment of a travel first aid kit and the factors that should be considered when preparing it.

Foot mycoses - treatment with over-the-counter preparations based on clinical recommendations

Ivana Kuklová

Čes. slov. farm. 2026, 75(2):122-126 | DOI: 10.36290/csf.2026.022

Tinea pedis (athlete's foot) is a superficial fungal skin infection caused by dermatophytes, most commonly the anthropophilic dermatophyte Trichophyton rubrum. Clinically, it is characterized mainly by scaling, erythema, and fissure formation, and it may present in three primary forms: interdigital, plantar, and vesiculobullous. The infection is often accompanied by mild pruritus; when fissures develop, burning and pain may also occur. Maceration, fissures, and desquamation of the stratum corneum in the interdigital spaces may serve as entry points for β-haemolytic streptococci, thereby increasing the risk of erysipelas. Another complication...