Czech and Slovak Pharmacy, 2007 (vol. 56), issue 1
Original Articles
The influence of the extrusion die on pellet characteristics
M. Rabišková, D. Weingartová, A. Häring
Čes. slov. farm. 2007, 56(1):17-20 
Characteristics of pellets (pellet size distribution, their mean diameter, density, hardness, friability, repose angle, Hausner ratio, and drug dissolution profiles) prepared by axial and radial extrusion/spheronization were examined in this experimental study. The formulation consisted of binary mixtures of theophylline, a drug slightly soluble in water, and Avicel® CL 611 as an excipient. Different characteristics were found in the samples prepared using the different extrusion dies: the axially situated extrusion die produces the pellets of higher hardness and density, and slower dissolution profiles. Differences in drug dissolution...
Genista tinctoria in vitro
L. Tůmová, T. Šárková, J. Dušek
Čes. slov. farm. 2007, 56(1):21-26
The paper deals with the effects of different growth regulators on the growth of the culture and production of isoflavonoids in the cultivation of the callus culture Genista tinctoria on MS medium under varying light regimens. Of the regulators tested, the highest growth of the culture was found when using BAP 10 mg/l under continuous lighting. With the use of BAP 0.1 mg/l and under normal light regimen, the production of genistine and daidzenin was even higher than in the intact plant. Of the five isoflavonoids determined, four were demonstrated in the callus culture: genistine, genistein, daidzein, and formononetin. In the intact plant the authors...
Constituents of Lilium candidum L. and their antioxidative activity
P. Mučaji, M. Haladová, E. Eisenreichová, F. Šeršeň, K. Ubik, D. Grančai
Čes. slov. farm. 2007, 56(1):27-29
The paper deals with the separation and identification of a flavonoid glycoside from the petals of Lilium candidum L. and the antioxidative properties of the ethanolic extract of the flowers and selected compounds isolated from this species. The isolated flavonoid glycoside was identified as isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside by acid hydrolysis, TLC comparison with authentic samples, and UV and mass spectra. Isorhamnetin rutinoside was isolated from Lilium candidum L. for the first time. The antioxidative activity of the ethanolic extract of the flowers and some isolated compounds were determined using DPPH assays.
Prescription of hypolipidemic agents in 2001-2004
J. Kolář, R. Bartas
Čes. slov. farm. 2007, 56(1):30-36
The paper analyzes the development of the prescription and consumption of hypolipidemic agents from 2000 to 2004. The principal database consisted of dispensed medical prescriptions and the consumption of hypolipidemic agents was expressed in DDD, DID, financially, and in the form of proportional representation. In the year 2004 hypolipidemic agents represented 11.8 % of the total costs for medicaments (statins, 8.9 %, and 75.6 %, respectively, fibrates, 2.9 % and 24.4 %, respectively), in DDD statins, 69.0%, fibrates, 31.0 %. The most frequently prescribed preparation was simvastatin, 57.8 % DDD and 60.3 % in financial units.
Consumption of old and new antiepileptic drugs in the Czech Republic in 1999-2004
E. Tlustá, D. Ulmanová, Z. Vitásek, J. Vlček
Čes. slov. farm. 2007, 56(1):37-41
Trends in antiepileptic drug (AEDs) consumption in the period from 1999 to 2004 in the Czech Republic were assessed in this study. The data from extramurally prescribed, reimbursed AEDs were obtained from the Czech Health Insurance Company Škoda Mladá Boleslav. The AEDs utilization was assessed according to ATC/DDD methodology on the fourth and fifth level of the ATC classification and expressed as the number of defined daily doses per 1000 insured per day (DDD/TID). During the study period, the AEDs consumption increased by 130 %; 76 % of which consisted of new AEDs. The most frequently prescribed drugs were carbamazepine and valproate. It correlates...
Analysis of supplying situation in pharmacies I. Supply with medicaments and health appliances from the viewpoint of pharmacies and distributors
B. Macešková, J. Vyhnalíková
Čes. slov. farm. 2007, 56(1):42-45
The paper describes the contemporary methods of ordering, their demands for time, and positive and negative aspects. The results of the analysis of the data from pharmacies were compared with the data found by analyzing the data provided by the distributor. The methodology of the paper includes: a questionnaire survey, the method of the autopicture, and an analysis of archival data from pharmacies and distributors. The most frequent response to the question concerning the number of supplying wholesale distributors is two (38.1 % of pharmacies) and three (33.3 % of pharmacies); pharmacies receive supplies from them most frequently three times a day...
Review articles
Deep vein thromboembolism in malignant diseases
M. Zemková, R. H. B. Meyboom, M. Blažek, J. Kotlářová, J. Vlček, L. Jebavý
Čes. slov. farm. 2007, 56(1):5-10
Tumourous diseases are associated with haemorrhagic as well as thrombotic complications. Trousseau described in 1865 a mutual association between tumourous diseases and venous thromboembolism. As many as 15-20 % patients with venous thromboembolism have an undetected malignity, which equals a prevalence of 2-3 % in the population. From this ensues the relative risk of a newly diagnosed malignity which is higher during the first year after venous thromboembolism. Migrating thrombophlebitis is a relatively specific sign in tumours, in particular in pancreatic tumours. In the pathogenesis of venous thromboembolisms in tumourous diseases, the following...
Extrusion/spheronization: an important method for the production of the pellet dosage form
A. Häring, M. Rabišková
Čes. slov. farm. 2007, 56(1):11-16
Extrusion/spheronization is the method used to manufacture pellets with a high content of the active ingredient. It produces particles of very good physical properties (strength, friability, porosity, density, uniform diameter), which are well processed in further steps, i.e., when they are coated, compressed or filled into hard gelatine capsules. The process of extrusion/spheroniztion consists of several consequential steps, which are influenced by numerous formulation and process factors. Though there are general rules for optimization of the process, due to its complexity the same rules need not necessarily be valid for similar systems and very...