Czech and Slovak Pharmacy, 2004 (vol. 53), issue 6
Articles
Photodynamic Therapy as a New Prospective Method for Cancer Treatment II. Overview of Photosensitizers
P. Zimčík, M. Miletín
Čes. slov. farm. 2004, 53(6):271-279
Since the time when hematoporphyrine derivative (trade name Photofrin®) has been introduced intoclinical practice in Canada in 1993, a lot of new photosensitizers (PS) have been studied. Some ofthem successfully passed the clinical trials and are in use in the treatment of cancerous (ALA,temoporfin) and non-cancerous (verteporfin) diseases. The others (motexafin lutecium, talaporfin,phthalocyanines and SnET2) are entering or passing the clinical trials now. The newer PS are alsocalled the second generation PS,when the first generation is composed of Photofrin® only.The secondgeneration PS usually possesses better properties, especially concerning...
Isolation of Immunoglobulins by Thiophilic Adsorption Chromatography
F. Mareček
Čes. slov. farm. 2004, 53(6):280-284
The separation of antibodies is a process of great importance. The present paper deals with themethod of thiophilic adsorption chromatography (TAC) based on the thiophilic sorbents. Thiophilicsorbents can interact with the immunoglobulins very selectively. Binding of immunoglobulins isdependent on the high ionic strength of the medium. Sorbed immunoglobulins are released by theionic strength decay. TAC provides immunoglobulins from the plasma (or other sources) in one step.Purity of immunoglobulins is comparable with results of the other methods. Benefits of TAC aredelicacy to immunoglobulins, simple handling and low costs of separation. By means of...
Chiral Switch: Pure Enantiomers of Drugs instead of Racemic Mixtures
J. Valentová, A. J. Hutt
Čes. slov. farm. 2004, 53(6):285-293
Chirality of drugs, particularly the comparison of efficacy of enantiomers and their racemic mixtures,has become an object of serious interest of pharmaceutical researchers in recent ten or fifteen years.Advances in chemical technologies connected with the synthesis, separation, and analysis of pureenantiomers from racemates, together with administrative regulatory measures, have resulted inan increase in the number of newly registered chiral drugs containing only one of the enantiomers.Besides new chemical entities, many "old" racemates are being re-evaluated as potentially newsources of pure enantiomers which should improve the therapeutic profile...
Salicylanilides: Still a Topical Potential Antibacterially Active Group
J. Vinšová, A. Imramovský
Čes. slov. farm. 2004, 53(6):294-299
The review presents a survey of potential biologically active salicylanilides, focusing particularly ontheir antibacterial activity. Emergence of bacterial resistance to a large number of antibacterialagents represents a major world-wide problem. On that account, perpetual attention is paid to thepreparation of new bioactive antibacterial compounds. Salicylanilides belong to the group ofcompounds that have shown activity against gram-positive pathogens including methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, the strains representingthe most significant problem in clinical practice. In 1998, a new mechanism...
Carbomers and Their Use in Pharmaceutical Technology
M. Rabišková, M. Sedláková, M. Vítková, M. Kuna
Čes. slov. farm. 2004, 53(6):300-303
Carbomers, high-molecular polymers based on acrylic acid, are employed in the technology of drugsas auxiliary substances acting as emulsifiers, gel-forming substances, stabilizers of suspensions, andbinders in tablets. Their properties are utilized to control release as well as to improve biologicalavailability of drugs. They are physiologically inert, non-sensitizing, and possess excellent thermalstability. They are used for various routes of administration: topical, oral and peroral, vaginal andrectal.
Adsorption of Substances on Active Charcoal Part 1: Basic Esters of Phenylcarbamic Acid with Local Anaesthetic Effect
M. Stankovičová, Ľ. Stráska, Ž. Bezáková, M. Renčová
Čes. slov. farm. 2004, 53(6):304-309
Active charcoal is one of important adsorbents capable of binding on their surface other substancesin a relatively large amount. This property is often used in pharmacy as well as in the studies of thestructure - biological activity relationships, where active charcoal serves as a model substance forthe study of hyrophobic interactions. The present paper investigates the adsorptivity of eightpotential local anaesthetics from the group of 1-methyl-2-piperidinoethylesters of 2-, 3- and 4-alkoxyphenylcarbamicacids to adjusted active charcoal, which complies with the requirements of SlovakPharmacopoeia 1. Adsorptivity of substances is evaluated according...
Determination of the Antioxidant Activity of Potential Scavengers of Nitrogen Oxide
Z. Kupková, H. Černá, A. Lojek, M. Číž, L. Beneš
Čes. slov. farm. 2004, 53(6):310-313
Nitrogen oxide is a relatively stable, highly reactive radical, which develops in the organism byoxidation of the guanidine nitrogen of the amino acid L-arginine by the action of NO-synthase withthe development of L-citrulline. It participates in a number of physiological and pathologicalprocesses. The difference between the physiological and pathological concentration of nitrogen oxideis very small, and for that reason we search for suitable methods of its determination and thesubstances influencing the level of nitrogen and thus decreasing its overproduction. Testing ofscavenger activity against NO was performed by the method following Griess (spectrophotometricdetermination...
Unit Dose Systems Prepared for Geriatric Patients II
D. Mazánková, J. Kolář
Čes. slov. farm. 2004, 53(6):314-318
In the present project, the clients of an old people's home received their drugs in one-week blisterdispensers prepared by a pharmacist. After filling, the dispensers were covered with a paper stickeridentifying the patient and contained drugs.The health workers of the old people'shome,who workedwith the drugs of their clients in one-week blister dispensers, reported the hygiene of the dispenser,clearness of information about the patient and contained drugs and their dosage regimen on eachdose of drugs, clearness of the indication of individual days and dates on each dose of drugs, and thefact that the one-week blister dispensers prepared by the pharmacist...
Prescription and Structure of Formulation of Medicinal Preparations in a Pharmacy I
J. Kolář, J. Švejdová
Čes. slov. farm. 2004, 53(6):319-322
The paper is concerned with the analysis of all medicinal preparations prepared extemporaneouslyin a pharmacy within 12 months (July 2002 through June 2003). The set under study comprised5260 preparations. Preparations for external use represented 92.3 %, the largest share being liquidaad usum dermicum (38.5 %). The ratio of men and women was 45 to 55 %, patients older than18 years represented 64.6 %.
Use of Chelating Extraction Membranes for the Identification and Determination of Heavy Metals by the Method of Radionuclide X-ray Fluorescence Analysis
O. Štroffeková, E. Havránek
Čes. slov. farm. 2004, 53(6):323-327
The paper aimed to identify and assay the selected elements Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Pb in the teasAgrimony (both in infusion bags and loose leaves), Pigi Tea, and Green Tea with added jasmine, bothin the original raw teas and their infusions. The utility and usability of the chelating extractionmembranes Empore, which were employed to process the liquid samples (infusions), were verified.The evaluation of the composition of the content was carried out by means of radionuclide X-rayfluorescence analysis, which is suitable for the identification and determination of samples withZ>18. Ash contentwas assayed as well.The contents of the heavy metals under...
Pindolol Determination in Pharmaceuticals by the Method of Capillary Isotachophoresis
A. Kavalírová, M. Pospíšilová, R. Hamoudová
Čes. slov. farm. 2004, 53(6):328-331
Capillary izotachophoresis (ITP) with conductimetric detection was employed to determine pindolol(PI) in the pharmaceutical preparation Apo-pindol. The optimal operational electrolytic system wascomposed of 10 mM of potassium picolinate and 10 mM picolinic acid (leading electrolyte, LE;pH=5.1) and 10 mM of formic acid as the terminating electrolyte (TE). The time and currents modeof analysis were 50 µA (800 s), 10 µA. The total period of analysis was about 19 minutes. The methodis suitable for the determination of PI in Apo-pindol tablets, RSD=1.45 % (n=6). The method wasvalidated from the viewpoint of precision, accuracy, and linearity...
Weibull Equation and Dissolution Kinetics
Z. Zatloukal
Čes. slov. farm. 2004, 53(6):332-335
On modelling the kinetics of dissolution, two variants of Weibull equation in a two-parameter ortree-parameter form are used, the estimations of their parameters not being quite comparable. Theintroductory part of the paper sums up four variants of the equation and chracterized theirrelationship to granulometric Rosin-Rammler-Sperling equation. The kinetics of liberation ofpilocarpinium chloride from lyophilized lamellae with graded amounts of hydroxypropylmethylcelluloseis expressed by the above-mentioned equations and their parameters are compared. Theconclusions generally discusses the usability of equations and their correct interperetation inmodelling...
The Content of Zn and Cd in Medicinal Plants and the Dynamics of Their Transport into the Dosage Forms
O. Čelechovská, M. Pízová, J. Koníčková
Čes. slov. farm. 2004, 53(6):336-339
The content of cadmium and zinc in the elder (Sambucus nigra) and the lime tree (Tilia spec.) collected from four different localities in the Czech Republic was studied. From the elder, the flowers (Sambuci flos), pollen, and fruits (Sambuci fructus) were collected, from the lime tree, the flowers (Tiliae flos) were used. The highest content of Zn and Cd was found in the pollen of the elder (Zn65.0-94.4 mg.kg-1, Cd 14.1-43.1 µg.kg-1), the lowest in its fruits (Zn 4.5-14.7 mg.kg-1, Cd max.8.1 µg.kg-1). The content of Zn was lower in the Tiliae flos (13.8-32.5 mg.kg-1) than in the Sambuciflos (30.8-49.9 mg.kg-1). The Cd content in Tiliae...