Czech and Slovak Pharmacy, 2003 (vol. 52), issue 5
Articles
Hydrophilic Gel Matrix Tablets for Oral Administration of Drugs
M. Rabišková, L. Vostalová, G. Medvecká, D. Horáčková
Čes. slov. farm. 2003, 52(5):211-217
Matrix tablets with a dispersed active ingredient are the simplest concept in the design of dosageforms with modified drug release. If they contain a swelling polymer as an auxiliary substance, therelease from these systems, after initial liberation of a portion of the active ingredient from thesurface, takes place by diffusion, erosion, or a combination of both mechanisms in dependence onthe solubility of the contained active ingredient. Although hydrophilic matrix tablets have becomea well-tried and widely used dosage form with retarded effects, their research continues and newauxiliary substances and their combinations are being tested. The present...
Derivation Absorption Spectrophotometry in the Ultraviolet Region as an Alternative toHPLC and Other Instrumental Methods of Drug Analysis
J. Šubert, O. Farsa
Čes. slov. farm. 2003, 52(5):218-223
A comparison of the results obtained by derivation absorption spectrophotometry in the ultravioletregion and those obtained by HPLC and other instrumental methods of quantitative analysis ofdrugs reveals that derivation spectrophotometry can be an economically advantageous alternativein many cases. The results of the determination of one drug on an interfering background or of twosubstances beside one another are usually comparable; for the evaluation of the determination ofthree or more substances enough data are not available.
Novel Antifungal Substances from the Group of Guanidine Derivatives
K. Palát jr., G. Braunerová, M. Bažilová
Čes. slov. farm. 2003, 52(5):224-230
Diseases caused by fungi represent an emphatic problem both in medicine and agriculture. Thereview of the latest knowledge in the group of guanidine derivatives, which are divided into twomain series - into compounds with aliphatic and cyclic substituents, was carried out within theresearch of new compounds with this activity.
Availability of Antidotes in Hospital Pharmacies in the Czech Republic
K. Hrubý
Čes. slov. farm. 2003, 52(5):231-240
Availability of antidotes in the Czech Republic (CR) is insufficient.Many antidotes are not approvedin CR, so their obtaining is problematic. The purpose of this study is to examine the real availabilityof antidotes in Czech hospital pharmacies and to assess the influence of hospital size, hospitallocalisation, antidote cost, and the fact of antidote approval in CR on antidote availability. Finally,some proposals for the solution of the situation are mentioned. A structured questionnaire wasconstructed and mailed to 85 hospital pharmacies. A total of 46 hospital pharmacies sent backcompletely answered questionnaires and they were statistically assessed....
A Study of Compressibility of the Directly Compacting Form of Lactitol
J. Mužíková
Čes. slov. farm. 2003, 52(5):241-243
Lactitol ranks among sugar alcohols which are employed as dry binders in the manufacture of tablets, particularly the chewable ones. Water-granulated lactitol is the directly compacting form ofthis substance. The present paper studies the compressibility of the granulated form of lactitol and the effects of different concentrations of the lubricant magnesium stearate on the strength anddisintegration time of the compacts from his substance. Lactitol cannot be compressed without an added lubricant. Magnesium stearate, employed in two concentrations, 0.4 % and 0.8 %, did not negatively interfere with the strength of the compacts. The disintegration period...
Granulometry and Fractal Dimension
Z. Zatloukal
Čes. slov. farm. 2003, 52(5):244-247
The fractal character of exponential particle size distribution makes it possible to use fractaldimension for the evaluation of the results of granulometric analysis. The conditions of sedimentationanalysis of talc in aqueous solution were optimized by adding nonionogenic tenside anddeflocculation electrolyte. Dispersion analysis demonstrated the suitability of minimally 0,2 g/l ofpolysorbate 80 for talc soaking. In the evaluation of pharmaceutical granulometry, it is advisable tosupplement the usually reported specific surface area with fractal dimension, which primarilycontributes to a more general interpretation of variability of particle size.
Effect of Abiotic Elicitation and Calcium Ions on the Production of the Explant Culturesof Rheum palmatum L.
M. Kašparová, T. Siatka, J. Dušek
Čes. slov. farm. 2003, 52(5):248-251
Elicitation is based on signal (elicitor)-induced expression of genes, which subsequently results inincreased synthesis of secondary metabolities in plants and in vitro cultures. Elicitors do not usuallyinfluence gene activity directly but by means of transmitters of the signal, which include primarilycalcium ions. The paper examined the effect of four concentrations of calcium ions on the productionof anthracene derivatives by means of the callus and suspension cultures of Rheum palmatum L.(Polygonaceae), which was elicited by an abiotic elicitor - a 20 µM solution of lead dichloride. Theculture was cultivated on a Murashige-Skoog medium with...
Extraction-Spectrophotometric Determination of Carbethopendecinium Bromide inSelected Medicinal Preparations
M. Lašková, M. Blešová
Čes. slov. farm. 2003, 52(5):252-257
The paper elaborated the conditions for the determination of carbethopendecinium bromide withbromthymol blue and methyl orange (concentration of the drug and the colouring agent, pH of theaqueous phase, period of extraction with chloroform). Within a carbethopendecinium bromideconcentration range of 1.10-5 to 6.10-5 mol/l, the linear dependence of absorbance of the ion-associatewith the colouring agent on concentration was confirmed. At pH 3 and pH 10, the above-describedprocedure was used to determine the content of carbethopendecinium bromide in medicinal preparations(eye and nasal drops) using the calibration curve and comparison with one standard....
Long-term Pharmacological Treatment of Obesity in 2002: A Pharmacoeconomic View
I. Minarčíková
Čes. slov. farm. 2003, 52(5):258-261
A growing number of obese people throughout the world have become a health-economic problem.Obesity and overweight are significant risk factors causing increased morbidity and mortality inobese people. Nevertheless, a marked improvement in the prognosis is achieved by a 5-10 %decrease in body weight 1). Since 1 July 2002, two preparations for long-term therapy of obesity havebeen registered in the Czech Republic: Xenical (orlistat) and Meridia (sibutramin). Long-termrandomized double-blind studies have shown that a decrease of 4.4 kg in weight within a year isachieved by 10 mg sibutramin administration, a decrease of 3.2-6.4 kg in weight within a year...