Czech and Slovak Pharmacy, 2002 (vol. 51), issue 4
Articles
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Cyclosporine A
I. Komzáková, K. Šafarčík, H. Brozmanová, M. Grundmann
Čes. slov. farm. 2002, 51(4):159-167
Cyclosporine A (CyA)is a drug with a specific influence on the immune system and it is used bothto prevent tissue rejection of transplanted organs and to treat autoimmune diseases.The properties,metabolism,and methods of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM)in patients under immunosuppres-sive therapy are described.TDM of CyA reflects the clinical condition of the patient duringimmunosuppression and may include pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data obtained eitherfrom measuring CyA levels in blood,or from determining some other parameters,which aremodulated by CyA (II-2).Although TDM is mainly based on analyzing trough levels of CyA,thedetermination...
Pharmaceutical Importance of Allium sativum L.3.Antibacterial Effect Against Helicobacter pylori
M. Sovová, P. Sova, A. Mrázová
Čes. slov. farm. 2002, 51(4):168-172
The paper points out the risk factors which render possible the outbreak of infections due to thebacterium Helicobacter pylori manifesting itself as chronic gastritis.In a great extent it results inpeptic and duodenal ulcers and can even lead to the development of adenocarcinoma and lymphomaof the stomach.The paper mentions the efficacy of previous and contemporary therapy.Possible useof garlic in the treatment of these infections is intensively investigated.At present mainly in vitroexperiments showing promising results are performed.A minimum of experiments carried out without-patients produced negative results.As they do not fulfil the parameters...
Ononis arvensis in vitro - Abiotic Elicitation
L. Tůmová, P. Ostrožlík
Čes. slov. farm. 2002, 51(4):173-176
The effect of two abiotic elicitors - two newly synthetized compounds (substituted anilides ofpyrazine-2-carboxylic acids) - on the formation of flavonoids in the callus culture of Ononis arvensisL.was tested.The compounds markedly influenced the production of flavonoids in an in vitro culture. Particularly after elicitation with a solution of compound No.1 (4-hydroxyanilide 6-chloro-5-terc.butylpyrazine-2-carboxylic acid)in a concentration of 3.32.10-7 mol.l-1 and within 48 hours of elicitation an increase in flavonoid formation by 976 % versus the control took place.
Effect of Salicylic Acid on the Production of Anthracene Derivatives in the Culture ofRheum palmatum L.in vitro
M. Kašparová, T. Siatka
Čes. slov. farm. 2002, 51(4):177-181
Elicitation is a method making use of protective mechanisms of plants to increase the production of secondary metabolites in plants and cultures in vitro. Salicylic acid acts in plants as an inducer of the expression of protective proteins and it can be thus included into biotic elicitors. That is why the present paper examined the effects of five concentrations of salicylic acid on the production of anthracene derivatives by a three-year and a nine-year old culture derived from the root of the intactplant Rheumpalmatum L. The culture was cultivated on Murashige-Skoog medium with an additionof 10 mg.l-1 of α-naphthylacetic acid. It follows from...
Changes in Sanguinarine Content and Polyphenoloxidase Activity Due to a FungalElicitor in Suspension Cultures of the Opium Plant Papaver somniferum L.
A. Balažová, F. Bilka, V. Blanáriková, M. Pšenák
Čes. slov. farm. 2002, 51(4):182-185
The opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.)is still a source for isolation of codeine and morphine.Cell cultures from this plant lose their ability to produce morphinans.Their major alkaloid issanguinarine.The elicitation of the opium poppy cell cultures by fungal preparation lead toa nine-fold increase in the content of sanguinarine.The specific activity of polyphenoloxidase (PPO)was three-times higher in the elicited compared to the nonelicited cells.Two isoforms of PPO (Mr63 kDa,41 kDa)were identified in opiumpoppy cell cultures by PAGE.The number of PPO isoformswas not affected by elicitation.Phenyl-Sepharose CL-4B was used for affinity purification...
Drug Policy in Slovakia and its Reflection in Prescription 2. Prescription of Extemporaneously Prepared Drugs According to the Specialization of Physicians
V. Špringer, I. Kišška
Čes. slov. farm. 2002, 51(4):186-189
The paper aims to analyze the frequency of medical prescriptions for the group of extemporaneously prepared drugs in relation to the specialization of physicians. The evaluation is based on the database of prescriptions dispensed by four pharmacies within 14.5 months in the years 1999-2000. The total number of prescriptions was 133 857, out of which 5615 (4.2 %) were extemporaneous preparations. The share of specialists in the prescription of extemporaneous drugs was 7 %, that ofgeneral practitioners, 1.4 %. Out of the specialists, the largest share in the prescription of extemporaneously prepared drugs belonged to dermatologists, otorhinolaryngologists,...
State of Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis in Field Practice and Its Pharmacoeconomic Aspects
F. Gazdík, K. Gajdošová, V. Špringer, K. Gazdíková
Čes. slov. farm. 2002, 51(4):190-195
The present paper aims to analyze therapeutic trends in allergic rhinitis and their relationships toselected pharmacoeconomic parameters.Health and Disease out-patient records from three out-patient allergologic-immunologic surgeries in the towns of Trenčín,Nové Zámky,and Bratislava weresurveyed.The analysis is based on the recorded prescription of drugs prescribed to the patients inthe period of his or her "most recent season" in the years 1999-2000. Altogether 279 records (164 females, 115 males) were evaluated. The highest percentage of pollinotics was dispensed inBratislava (73 %)followed by Nové Zámky (55 %)and Trenčín (31 %). In all three out-patientsurgeries,the...
Conformational Study of Drugs with Effect on I1-Imidazoline Receptors
V. Garaj, M. Remko
Čes. slov. farm. 2002, 51(4):196-199
Conformational analysis of five I1-receptor agonists in the neutral form (clonidine,moxonidine,rilmenidine,phentolamine,and phencyclidine)and one antagonist of I1-receptors (idazoxane)wascarried out by means of the MM2 method.Structures of stable conformations of individualcompounds were fully optimised.Degree of similarity of stable conformations was visualized.Theproton affinities and lipophilicities of title compounds were also computed.It is obvious that allstudied drugs except phencyclidine are able to occupy the same space.An important role for affinity of studied drugs towards I1-receptors can be played by their different hydrophobicity (logP...
Anti-Inflammatory Activities of (o-Cresotato)copper(II) and -zinc(II)Aquacomplexes
J. Sokolík, I. Tumová, M. Bláhová, M. Bernáthová, P. Švec
Čes. slov. farm. 2002, 51(4):205-207
Using rat paw dextran-induced and carrageenan-induced edemas,the antiedematous activites ofmonohydrate of the diaquatetrakis(o -cresotato)dicopper(II)complex (Cu o C)and the diaquabis(o-cresotato)zinc(II)complex (Zn o C)were assayed plethysmometrically.Dihydrate of the diaquabis(salicylato)copper(II)complex (CuS)and the diaquabis(salicylato)zinc(II)complex (ZnS)were used asthe standards of comparison.All compounds were administered i.p.in a single dose of 50 µmol/kgbody weight (calculated for the RCOO-fragment)30 min before injecting the irritants.The antidextran/anticarrageenan activities of the species (expressed as a mean edema reduction)were...