Czech and Slovak Pharmacy, 2002 (vol. 51), issue 3
Articles
Analysis of Cyclosporine A by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
I. Komzáková, H. Brozmanová, K. Šafarčík, M. Grundmann
Čes. slov. farm. 2002, 51(3):107-111
Retem analytical possibilities of therapeutic drog monitoring (TDM) of cyclosporine A (CyA) both in soud organ transplanted patients and in patients with autoimmune diseases are described. The standard method for determination of CyA in blond is a validated HPLC method. HPLC methds esere developed which make it possible to determine not only the parem drog, bot also the main metabolites of CyA: AMI (M17), AM9 (Ml), and AM4N (M21). Preparation of blond samples, their extractions and purifications are discussed. Chromatography is usually carried on C18 or CN columns by isocratic elution under high temperature (70°C). CyD or CyC is used as the internal...
Immunoanalytical Methods of Analysis of Cyclosporine A
K. Šafarčík, I. Komzáková, V. Bartoš, M. Grundmann
Čes. slov. farm. 2002, 51(3):112-120
The standard method for determination of CyA in blond is a good validated HPLC method. HPLC methods esere developed which make it possible to determine not only the parem drog, bot also the main metabolites of CyA: AMI (M17), AM9 (Ml), and AM4N (M21). HPLC methods for determination of CyA are very laborious and expensive. Most transplantation centres in the world ose immunoanalytical methods for TDM of CyA. In retem years there has been an increase in the number of users of nonisotopic automated methods (Abbott TDx mono, AxSYM, Dade-Behring EMIT® or Microgenic Cedia), which render instantaneous analysis possible. The analysis of the results of...
R-Adrenergic Receptor Blockers - the Group of Chiral Drugs: Different Effects of Individual Enantiomers
R. Čižmáriková
Čes. slov. farm. 2002, 51(3):121-128
The present review of (3-adrenergic receptor blockers deals with different pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic and toxicological effects of individual enantiomers in the group of arylaminoethanols and aryloxyaminopropanols. From the viewpoint of (3-adrenolytic aktivity, (-)-enantiomers in both groups are several times more effective and in many (3-blockers both enantiomers show different therapeutic indications. The absolute configuration in the sense of Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system exists in (-)-enantiomers in the group of arylaminoethanols (R) and in the group of aryloxyaminopropanols (S). Of the R-blockers hitherto used in therapeutic practice, pure enantiomers...
Drug Policy in Slovakia and Its Reflection in Prescription1. Prescription of Mass-Produced Drugs according to the Specialization of Physicians
V. Špringer, L. Kišška, M. Hrčková
Čes. slov. farm. 2002, 51(3):129-133
The present paper aims at pharmacoeconomic analysis of prescriptions of physicians according to their specialization. The database was based on medical rescriptions from four pharmacies. Altogether 133 856 prescriptions were evaluated in two periods (the years 1999 and 2000) with different legislative regulations of the conditions for prescription of drugs from the fiznds of health insurance (fully covered drugs, drugs with participation of the polity holder, prescription and indication limitation). The results show tkat 1.45 kinds of drugs and 2.28 packages of mass-produced drugs were prescribed per 1 prescription. The average value of drugs per one...
Characteristics of Chitosan and the Sorption of Copper(II) Ions from Copper Sulfate Solutions on Chitosan
F. Kopecký, B. Kopecká, O. Semjanová
Čes. slov. farm. 2002, 51(3):134-139
The introduction of the paper briefly describes the properties of chitosan and the current utilization of the aminopolysaccharides chitosan, chitin, and their derivatives in pharmaceutical formulations, and in the health services also as sorbents of heavy metals and other substances. The degree of deacetylation (64 %) of commercially produced chitosan was estimated from measured IR spectra, and spectrophotometry in the visible region was employed to study the kinetics and equilibrium of the Cu(II) ion sorption from CuS04 aqueous solutions. Cu(II) sorption on the suspended chitosan was rather slovu, it took 8-12 hrs to establish the sorption equilibrium,...
Antimycobacterial Effects of Pyrrolidinoethylesters of Alkoxysubstituted Phenylcarbamic Acids
K. Waisser, J. Čižmárik, K. Dražková, J. Kaustová
Čes. slov. farm. 2002, 51(3):140-144
Pyrrolidinoethylesters of alkoxysubstituted phenylcarbamic acids, formerly investigated for local anaesthetic activity, can be considered to be potential antituberculotics. They are effective in nitro against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium kansasii, and Mycobacterium avium. Their effect increases with the length of the alkyl chain in the alkoxy group bound to the phenyl. The influence of the position of the alkoxyl chain on the phenyl is not too marked, but it seems to decrease in the series m-, p-, o-.
The Relationship of the Structure and Effect of Propaphenone and Alkylesters of 2- and 4-[(3-Propylamino-2-hydroxy)-propoxy]-phenylcarbamic Acid
V. Garaj, M. Remko
Čes. slov. farm. 2002, 51(3):145-149
Conformation analysis was performed in propaphenone and two potential antiarrhythmic agents of the carbamate type, employing the method of molecular mechaniky for calculations. Energetically stable conformers were optimized by means of the quantumchemical method AMl and the optimized structures were used to construct the pharmacophore. Using the programme Chem-X, four groups of stable conformations ofthese drog were found, and comparisons by means of the molecular graphic method were employed to graphically visualize the degree of their similarity and to determine the interatomic distances of the groups with free electron pairs and a lipophilic aromatic...
Studies of Local AnaestheticsCLIX. HPLC Separation of 1-Methyl-2-piperidinoethylesters of Alkoxyphenylcarbamic Acid
M. Renčová, J. Čižmárik, J. Lehotay, K. Hroboňová
Čes. slov. farm. 2002, 51(3):150-153
The paper employed R- and y-cyclodextrins as chiral stationary phases in HPLC, the mobile phases being polar organic solvents. Enantiomers of alkoxysubstituted esters of phenylcarbamic acids (local anaesthetics) were separated and various effects on the process of separation were examined. Primarily the effects of the composition and concentration of organic solvents and the effect of the presence of ionic modifiers in the mobile phase were investigated. The conditions of separation of the enantiomers of phenylcarbamic acid derivatives were found. Interactions influencing separation of enantiomers are also discussed.
Study of Local Anesthetics CLX. Determination of the Critical Micellar Concentration (c.m.c.) in Series of the Derivates Piperidinoethylesters of 3-Alkoxyphenylcarbamic Acid
F. Andriamainty, J. Čižmárik, Z. Mariščáková
Čes. slov. farm. 2002, 51(3):154-156
We have determined the critical micellar concentration (c.m.c) of the derivates type piperidinoethyl esters 3-alkoxy phenylcarbamic in the medium 0.05 moUl and 0.2/moUl NaCI for using spectrophotometry methods in the UV region of the spectrum at temperature T=25 °C and pH=4.5-5.0. We found the parabolic dependence of the -ln(c.m.c.) on the (n) number of the carbon in the alkoxy substituent chain. Further, we have observed the facility formation of the micelle at the solution of 0.2 moUl than 0.05 moUl NaCI.