Czech and Slovak Pharmacy, 2004 (vol. 53), issue 5
Articles
Biological Availability of Ophthalmic Preparations 2. Ophthalmic Therapeutic Systems
R. Masteiková, Z. Chalupová, A. Savickas
Čes. slov. farm. 2004, 53(5):211-218
Ophthalmic therapeutic systems, which rank among the drugs of the second and third generation,make possible prolonged and controlled drug release, or the introduction of the drug direct into thesite of action (a specific eye tissue) with minimal distribution into the adjacent tissues. The groupmainly consists of solid ophthalmic preparations, in a lesser extent there are systems developedfromhydrogels, colloidal carriers, etc.The present review lists both insoluble ophthalmic therapeuticsystems and those soluble inwater (degradable, erodible). Insoluble systems includemembrane-controlledophthalmic therapeutic systems (e.g. Ocusert®), therapeutic...
Photodynamic Therapy as a New Prospective Method for Cancer Treatment I. History, Basic Principles
P. Zimčík, M. Miletín
Čes. slov. farm. 2004, 53(5):219-224
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a new method for the treatment of both cancer or non-cancerdiseases. It combines three basic elements (a photosensitizer, light, oxygen), every single one withno toxicity or biological activity. The photosensitizer (PS) is activated by light and it gets excited. Ittransfers absorbed energy from this excited form to oxygen forming reactive oxygen species (ROS),mainly singlet oxygen. Then ROS attack surrounding biomolecules, inhibit their biological functionleading in the end to a cell death. The complete destruction of the tumour is provided not only bya direct effect on the cells, but also a vasculature shutdown (leading...
HPLC Determination of Diperodon Enantiomers in Blood Serum by Using Teicoplanin Chiral Stationary Phase
K. Hroboňová, J. Lehotay, J. Čižmárik
Čes. slov. farm. 2004, 53(5):225-227
The chiral stationary phase on the base of teicoplanin and the polar-organic mobile phase methanol/acetonitrile/acetic acid/triethylamine 45/55/0.3/0.2 was used for the separation of diperodonenantiomers. The developed method was suitable to determine the enantiomers in blood serum upto 0.5 µg/ml. The degradation of diperodon enantiomers was studied in serum by an in vitro methodand the experimental rate constants were determined.
Validation of a HPLC Method for the Analysis of Decomposition Products of Diazepamin Injections
T. Hudecová, V. Bátorová, Š. Hatrík, E. Havránek
Čes. slov. farm. 2004, 53(5):228-233
Diazepam is an important drug from the group of benzodiazepines, used in clinical practice for itssedative, hypnotic, anticonvulsive, myorelaxant, and primarily anxiolytic effects. Several kineticstudies have been published which show that diazepam is a drug sensitive to hydrolysis both in acidand alkaline media. The present study aimed to elaborate and validate a simple and rapid HPLC/UVmethod for simultaneous analysis of three decomposition products of diazepam in the presence ofdiazepam and to apply it also on the control of stability of the injectional solution of diazepam. Theoptimization of chromatographic conditions resulted in the use of the...
Patient-oriented Advice on Pharmaceuticals and Its Position in Pregraduate Education of Pharmacists
P. Stanko, A. Jančovićová, M. Fulmeková
Čes. slov. farm. 2004, 53(5):234-237
Patient-oriented information on pharmaceuticals has gradually become the dominant activity ofthe pharmacist in the community pharmacy. It is therefore necessary to devote sufficient attentionto the quality of patient oriented advice already in the course of the pregraduate education ofpharmacists so that new graduates who start practising may be prepared both theoretically andpractically to cope with the requirements they encounter when working with pharmaceuticals andpatiens under the contemporary conditions. This paper aimed to monitor the present state ofinstruction of undergraduates as far as the items of information given to patients are concerned.The...
Unit Dose Systems Prepared for Geriatric Patiens I
D. Mazánková, J. Kolář
Čes. slov. farm. 2004, 53(5):238-242
The project was carried out to facilitate and improve the quality of the use of drugs by geriatricpatients aiming at the observation of the therapeutic regimen and the improvement of theircompliance. The group under study comprised 15 clients living in a selected old people's home inthe city of Brno, for whom the pharmacist prepared drugs into one-week blister dispensers on thebasis of their health dossiers for a period of 6 months (February - July 2002).Polypragmasia occuredin all patients included into a one-dose preparation for drugs; they took on average 16 drugs ina week. The most frequently administered drugs belonged to the ATC groups of psycholeptics,anti-inflammatory...
Isolation and Characterization of Active Compounds from Aloe vera with Possible Rolein Skin Protection
D. Košťálová, L. Bezáková, M. Obložinský, A. Kardošová
Čes. slov. farm. 2004, 53(5):248-251
Aloe vera is widely used in food supplements, beverages, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. It has beenlong recognized as an effective natural remedy for its wound-healing properties and its positiveinfluence on other inflammatory skin disorders. Major proteins and mono- and polysaccharides wereidentified and analysed from Aloe vera commercial extract. Molecular weight of proteins calculatedfrom the sets ofmolecular weight reference standards, ranged from 70 kDa for the largest to 14 kDafor the smallest ones. IR spectral analysis of the carbohydrate fraction shows that the maincarbohydrate copound is acetylated (1→4)-β-D-mannan substituated...
Abiotic Elicitation of the Explant Culture of Rheum palmatum L. by Heavy Metals
M. Kašparová, T. Siatka
Čes. slov. farm. 2004, 53(5):252-255
Elicitation-produced stress activates the defensive reactions of the plant or plant explant, whichresult, among others, in a change in the transcription of the genes coding the enzymes influencingbiosynthesis of secondary metabolites. The present paper investigated the effect of ions of heavymetals in concentrations od 1; 10, and 100 µM on the production of anthracene derivatives by theexplant culture of Rheum palmatum L. cultivated on Murashige-Skoog medium with an addition of10 mg.l-1 of α-naphthylacetic acid. The periods of application of elicitation were 6; 24; 48, and 168hours. It follows from the results that the applied abiotic elicitation...
Analytical Evaluation of 1-(Dipropalamino-3-piperidine-propane-1-yl)-3-pentyloxyphenylcarbamate(CK-3635)
I. Malík, E. Sedlárová, J. Csöllei
Čes. slov. farm. 2004, 53(5):256-260
The paper presents the results of analytical and pharmacological evaluation and study of somephysicochemical properties of a potential drug marked as CK-3635 with high local anaestheticactivity. The structure of the substance has been confirmed by IR and UV spectroscopy. The meltingpoint, solubility, partition coefficient, capacity factor, surface activity, and dissociation constant weredetermined. The chromatographic behaviour of the drug on a thin layer was also investigated. Forthe content determination, spectrophotometry in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum at thewavelenght of the second absorption maximum of the substance, the titration in...
Examination of Stability of Hydrogen Peroxide Solutions
J. Madanská, Z. Vitková, Z. Capková
Čes. slov. farm. 2004, 53(5):261-263
Reliable stabilization of the pharmaceutical preparation and the active ingredient remains one ofthe most important problems of world pharmacy because pharmaceutical preparations are notsystems which are stable without limitation. The patient must receive a quality drug and that iswhy the question of stability is paid grest attention to not only in research and development,industrial manufacture, but also in distribution. The measure of stability is the expiration period.Diluted solution of hydrogen peroxide (3% solution) still belongs to the most widely used and at thesame time the most easily accessible disinfectants. In practice it is common both...
Study of Mixed Dry Binders from Directly Compressible Lactoses and MicrocrystallineCellulose
J. Mužíková, Š. Vinklarová
Čes. slov. farm. 2004, 53(5):264-267
The paper evaluated the compressibility of dry binders prepared in the ratios of 3:1, 1:1, and 1:3 from Pharmatosa DCL 15 and DCL 21 and Avicel PH 200, and the sensitivity of the mixtures to anaddition of the lubricant magnesium stearate from the standpoint of the effect on the strength oftablets. Mixtures of lactoses with Avicel PH -200 in a ratio of 3:1 proved to be most advantageous. The strengths of tablets made of these mixtures oscillated in the optimal range and they showed the least sensitivity to the added lubricant. An increase in stearate concentration did not result ina marked decrease in the strength of compacts. Pharmatosa DCL 21 in a...