JOURNAL OF THE CZECH PHARMACEUTICAL SOCIETY AND THE SLOVAK PHARMACEUTICAL SOCIETY

Čes. slov. farm. 2022, 71(2):57-64 | DOI: 10.5817/CSF2022-2-57

Beliefs and knowledge related to nutritional supplements among pharmacy students

Charalampos Triantis1,*, Evanthia Asimakopoulou2, Konstantina Konidari3, Anna Filotheidou1, Panagiotis Theodosis-Nobelos1
1 Pharmacy Department Frederick University, Nicosia, Cyprus
2 Nursing Department Frederick University, Nicosia, Cyprus
3 Secondary Education, University of Athens, Greece

A variety of supplement-drug interactions has been identified, and therefore health scientists should be aware of the proper usage of nutritional supplements. The main aim of this study was to assess beliefs and knowledge related to nutritional supplements among pharmacy students. A cross-sectional study was conducted in order to assess beliefs and knowledge related to nutritional supplements among pharmacy students. A literature review on nutritional supplements was conducted in order to develop a 24-item questionnaire, and expert indications established its face and content validity. Τhe sample was comprised of 142 pharmacy students in Cyprus, whose results are presented. The majority of the participants was receiving nutritional supplements (66.9%) and believed that nutritional supplements may interact and may have toxic effects. Those in the higher years of study scored higher in knowledge than those in the lower ones. The mean scores (mean ± SD) on the knowledge about nutritional supplements by the years of study were 9.14 ± 2.67, 8.71 ± 2.92, 9.91 ± 2.08, 11.16 ± 3.00, and 15.76 ± 2.67 and compared using one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni correction. The level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. The study showed that pharmacy students are adequately informed about nutritional supplements and that this subject is essential for the curriculum of pharmaceutical studies.

Keywords: beliefs; knowledge; nutritional supplements; pharmacy students

Received: January 25, 2022; Accepted: February 24, 2022; Published: February 1, 2022  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Triantis C, Asimakopoulou E, Konidari K, Filotheidou A, Theodosis-Nobelos P. Beliefs and knowledge related to nutritional supplements among pharmacy students. Čes. slov. farm. 2022;71(2):57-64. doi: 10.5817/CSF2022-2-57.
Download citation

References

  1. Bailey R. L. Current regulatory guidelines and resources to support research of dietary supplements in the United States. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 2020; 60(2), 100298-100309. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2018.1524364 Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  2. Dietary Supplement Use Reaches All Time High. CRN Consumer Survey on Dietary supplements available at: https://www.crnusa.org/newsroom/dietary-supplement-use-reaches-all-time-high. Accessed 20 January 2022.
  3. Bailey R. L, Gahche J. J., Miller P. E., Thomas P. R., Dwyer J. T. Why US adults use dietary supplements. JAMA Intern. Med. 2013; 173(5), 355-361. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.2299 Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  4. Axon D. R., Vanova J., Edel C., Slack M. Dietary supplement use, knowledge, and perceptions among student pharmacists. Am. J. Pharm. Educ. 2017; 81(5), Article 92. https://doi.org/10.5688/ajpe81592 Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  5. Steyn N., Labadarios D., Nel J. H., Heidi-Lee R. Development and validation of a questionnaire to test knowledge and practices of dietitians regarding dietary supplements. Nutrition 2005; 1(1), 51-58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2004.09.0086 Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  6. Smith T., Kawa K., Eckl V., Morton C., Stredney R. Herbal supplement sales in US increase 7.7% in 2016: Consumer preferences shifting toward ingredients with general wellness benefits, driving growth of adaptogens and digestive health products. Herbal Gram J. Am. Bot. Counc. 2017; 115, 56-65.
  7. Sharma A., Adiga S., Ashok M. Knowledge, Attitude and practices related to dietary supplements and micronutrients in health sciences students. J. Clin. Diagn. Res. 2014; 8, HC10-HC13. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2014/9329.4683 Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  8. Owens C., Toone T., Steed-Ivie M. A survey of dietary supplement knowledge, attitudes, and use in a rural population. J. Nutr. Food Sci. 2014; 4(5), 1000304. https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9600.1000304 Go to original source...
  9. Enwerem N. M., Okunji P. Knowledge, Attitudes and awareness of food and drug interactions among nurses with different levels of experience. Int. J. Nurs. 2015; 2(1), 1-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15640/ijn.v2n1a1 Go to original source...
  10. Jyoti M. B., Jayanthi M. K., Basavaraj R. T., Renuka M. Knowledge and awareness of food and drug interactions (FDI): a survey among health care professionals. IJPCS 2012; 1(4), 97-105.
  11. Jakabovičová M., Ďurkovičová Z., Ondrejkovičová M., Faktorová X., Mojto V., Szántová M. Hepatotoxic potential of nutritional and dietary supplements. Prakt. Lék. 2021; 101(2), 87-96.
  12. Boon H., Hirschkorn K., Griener G., Cali M. The ethics of dietary supplements and natural health products in pharmacy practice: a systematic documentary analysis. Int. J. Pharm. Pract. 2009; 17(1), 31-38. https://doi.org/10.1211/ijpp.17.1.0005 Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  13. Waddington F., Naunton M., Kyle G., Thomas J., Cooper G., Waddington A. A systematic review of community pharmacist therapeutic knowledge of dietary supplements. Int. J. Clin. Pharm. 2015; 37(3), 439-446. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s11096-015-0092-5 Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  14. Medhat M., Sabry N., Ashoush N. Knowledge, attitude and practice of community pharmacists towards nutrition counselling. Int. J. Clin. Pharm. 2020; 42(6), 1456-1468. https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/s11096-020-01106-0 Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  15. Homan E. M. Dietary Supplements and College Students: Use, Knowledge, and Perception [MSc Thesis], Kent State University; 2018. Available at: http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1532083809853366. Accessed 20 January 2022.
  16. Farghali H., Kameníková L., Hodis J., Kutinová Canová N. Potential interactions between drugs and dietary supplements. Čas. Lék. čes. 2014; 2, 67-71.
  17. Yetley E. A. Multivitamin and multimineral dietary supplements: Definitions, characterization, bioavailability, and drug interactions. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2007; 85(1), 269S-276S. https://doi.org/doi:10.1093/ajcn/85.1.269S Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  18. Sajid S. A., Sultana R., Masaratunnisa M., Naaz S., Adil M. S. A Questionnaire study of food - drug interactions to assess knowledge of people from diverse backgrounds. Asian J. Med. Health 2017; 5(2), 1-9 (Article no.AJMAH.33682). https://doi.org/doi:10.9734/AJMAH/2017/33682 Go to original source...
  19. Agbabiaka T. B., Spencer N. H., Khanom S., Goodman C. Prevalence of drug-herb and drug-supplement interactions in older adults: a cross-sectional survey. Br. J. Gen. Pract. 2018; 68(675): e711-e717. Available from: https://doi.org/doi:10.3399/bjgp18X699101 Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  20. Streiner D. L. Figuring out factors: the use and misuse of factor analysis. Can. J. Psychiatry 1994; 39(3), 135-140. https://doi.org/doi:10.1177/070674379403900303 Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  21. Cattell R. B. The Scientific Use of Factor Analysis in Behavioral and Life Sciences. New York: Plenum 1978. Go to original source...
  22. Gorsuch R. Factor Analysis. 2nd ed. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates 1983.
  23. Taber K. S. The Use of Cronbach's Alpha When Developing and Reporting Research Instruments in Science Education. Res. Sci. Educ. 2018; 48(6), 1273-1296. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11165-016-9602-2 Go to original source...
  24. Nunnally J. C. Psychometric theory. New York: McGraw-Hill 1967.
  25. Alowais M. A., Selim M. A. Knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding dietary supplements in Saudi Arabia. J. Family Med. Prim. Care 2019; 8(2), 365-372. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_430_18 Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  26. Wu C. H., Wang C. C., Kennedy J. Changes in herb and dietary supplement use in the US adult population: a comparison of the 2002 and 2007 National Health Interview Surveys. Clin. Ther. 2011; 33(11), 1749-1758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinthera.2011.09.024 Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  27. See M., Butcher B. E., Banh A. Patient literacy and awareness of medicine safety. Int. J. Pharm. Pract. 2020; 28(6), 552-560. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpp.12671 Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  28. Zezelj S. P., Tomljanovi A., Jovanovic G. K., Kresic G., Peloza O. C., Dragas-Zubalj N., et al. Prevalence, knowledge and attitudes concerning dietary supplements among a student population in Croatia. Int. J. Environ Res. Public. Health 2018; 15, 105. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15061058 Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  29. Alhomoud F. K., Basil M., Bondarev A. Knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) relating to dietary dupplements among health sciences and non-health sciences students in one of the Universities of United Arab Emirates (UAE). J. Clin. Diagn. Res. 2016; 10(9), JC05-JC09. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2016/19300.8439 Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  30. Samojlik I., Mijatovic V., Gavaric N., Krstin S., Bozin B. Consumers' attitude towards the use and safety of herbal medicines and herbal dietary supplements in Serbia. Int. J. Clin. Pharm. 2013; 35(5), 835-840. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-013-9819-3 Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  31. Geller A. I., Shehab N., Weidle N. J., Lovegrove M. C., Wolpert B. J., Timbo B. B., et al. Emergency department visits for adverse events related to dietary supplements. N. Engl. J. Med. 2015; 373(16), 1531-1540. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMsa1504267 Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  32. Snyder F. J., Dundas M. L., Kirkpatrick C., Neill K. S. Use and safety perceptions regarding herbal supplements: A Study of older persons in Southeast Idaho. J. Nutr. Elder. 2009; 28(1), 81-95. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639360802634043 Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  33. Borrelli F., Izzo A. Herb-Drug Interactions with St John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum): an Update on Clinical Observations. AAPS J. 2009; 11(4), 710-727. https://doi.org/10.1208/s12248-009-9146-8 Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  34. Theodosis-Nobelos P., Asimakopoulou E., Rikkou-Kalourkoti M., Triantis C. Adherence to medical treatment. Evaluation methods and enhance strategies. Hellenic J. Nurs. 2019; 58(4), 317-327.
  35. Loya A. M., González-Stuart A., Rivera J. O. Prevalence of polypharmacy, polyherbacy, nutritional supplement use and potential product interactions among older adults living on the United States-Mexico border: A descriptive, questionnaire-based study. Drugs Aging. 2009; 26(5), 423-436. https://doi.org/10.2165/00002512-200926050-00006 Go to original source... Go to PubMed...




Czech and Slovak Pharmacy

Madam, Sir,
please be aware that the website on which you intend to enter, not the general public because it contains technical information about medicines, including advertisements relating to medicinal products. This information and communication professionals are solely under §2 of the Act n.40/1995 Coll. Is active persons authorized to prescribe or supply (hereinafter expert).
Take note that if you are not an expert, you run the risk of danger to their health or the health of other persons, if you the obtained information improperly understood or interpreted, and especially advertising which may be part of this site, or whether you used it for self-diagnosis or medical treatment, whether in relation to each other in person or in relation to others.

I declare:

  1. that I have met the above instruction
  2. I'm an expert within the meaning of the Act n.40/1995 Coll. the regulation of advertising, as amended, and I am aware of the risks that would be a person other than the expert input to these sites exhibited


No

Yes

If your statement is not true, please be aware
that brings the risk of danger to their health or the health of others.