Čes. slov. farm. 2023, 72(5):223-232 | DOI: 10.5817/CSF2023-5-223

Hyperferritinemia as a factor associated with poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients

Nuhad Mohammed Al-dulaimi¹, Mahmood Jassim Mohammed², Saad T. Mutlk³, Khalid F. Al-Rawi⁴, Hameed Hussein Ali⁴, Bilal J. M. Aldahham⁵, Faisal Al-ani⁶, Osamah Al-ani^6,*, Yaqout A. Hamed⁷, Aus T. Ali^6,8

¹ General Directorate of Education in Anbar, Ministry of Education, Al-anbar Province, Iraq

² Anbar Health Department, Ministry of Health, Al-anbar Province, Iraq

³ Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Anbar, Iraq

⁴ Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Anbar, Al-anbar Province, Iraq

⁵ Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Applied Sciences, University of Anbar, Al-anbar Province, Iraq

⁶ Faculty of Medicine, Odessa National Medical University, Odessa, Ukraine

⁷ College of Pharmacy, University of Baghdad

⁸ Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

Worldwide, hundreds of millions of people have been infected with COVID-19 since December 2019; however, about 20% or less developed severe symptoms. The main aim of the current study was to assess the relationship between the severity of Covid-19 and different clinical and laboratory parameters. A total number of 466 Arabs have willingly joined this prospective cohort. Out of the total number, 297 subjects (63.7%) had negative COVID-19 tests, and thus, they were recruited as controls, while 169 subjects (36.3%) who tested positive for COVID-19 were enrolled as cases. Out of the total number of COVID-19 patients, 127 (75.15%) presented with mild symptoms, and 42 (24.85%) had severe symptoms. The age range for the participants was 20 to 82 years. Compared with controls, the severity of the disease was associated with significantly high ferritin levels (P < 0.001). The severity of the disease was also associated with a significant increase in C-reactive protein (P